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Rabies has been thought of as virtually 100-percent fatal unless treated immediately, but new research shows that a small number of isolated Peruvians have natural immunity from the animal-transmitted disease.
Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that one in 15 people living in the remote Amazonian region in Peru were protected without medical intervention against the virus that kills more than 55,000 people globally every year.
Their trick: Vampire bats exposed the remote Peruvians to enough of the rabies virus to confer resistance, but not enough to kill them.
"Our results open the door to the idea that there may be some type of natural resistance or enhanced immune response in certain communities regularly exposed to the disease," Amy Gilbert, a researcher with the CDC's National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases and co-lead study author, said in a statement. "This means there may be ways to develop effective treatments that can save lives in areas where rabies remains a persistent cause of death." [Infographic: Leading Causes of Death]
Rabies immunity
Rabies is a neurological disease transmitted from animals to humans by infected-saliva exposure through bites or scratches. However, the disease can be prevented through immunization within hours of exposure.
"The new news here is that in areas in the world where rabies is endemic and there aren't vaccinations, there may be some resistance," James Kazura, president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and global health professor at Case Western Reserve University, told LiveScience in a telephone interview.
To this end, the researchers said they planned to expand their study into other rabies-exposed populations to determine if resistance may be more common worldwide.
Previous work suggested that some people could naturally produce antibodies against the virus, including Inuit hunters in the Canadian Arctic and raccoon hunters in Florida.
In the Peruvian study, Gilbert and colleagues wanted to look at interactions between bats and humans to better understand not only rabies, but also emerging diseases.
The researchers unexpectedly found six people out of 92 interviewed who had developed antibodies against rabies, even though they had never been vaccinated.
"Yes, we were surprised; no, we weren't surprised," Gilbert told LiveScience about the results in a telephone interview
The two Peruvian communities under study suffer from endemic rabies that comes from vampire bat populations, so it was no surprise that the people had exposure to rabies through bites and scratches. As such, they'd be expected to carry virus antibodies.
The surprise came when the researchers found actual immunity in humans (they weren't sick), dead ends for the virus since the incidental hosts typically don't pass along the infection.
"It's not thought that incidental hosts develop immunity to the virus," Gilbert said. Reservoir hosts like vampire bats have developed a natural immune response because of the regular exposure to the virus. However, incidental hosts aren?t exposed to the virus, so have built up little, if any, immunity.
Secrets of immunity?
The Peruvians don't hold secrets on how to overcome rabies, in fact, most of them seem to know little about the disease or its mode of transmission. [10 Deadly Diseases That Hopped Across Species]
"Very few reported that they would do things recommended such as washing a wound with soap and water or visiting a health care provider," said Brett Peterson, a CDC researcher and co-lead author of the study. "There did seem to be a lack of knowledge of the risk of rabies and proper precautionary measures."
In response, the Peruvian Ministry of Health, which collaborated with the CDC on the study, started a pre-exposure immunization campaign for at-risk residents in the region, Peterson said.
"Some of this new data we are presenting may influence the way people think about preventing rabies," he added.
The researchers also said that Peruvians likely don't have a genetic leg-up on rabies resistance. However, Rodney Willoughby Jr., pediatric researcher at the Medical College of Wisconsin, wrote in an accompanying editorial that studying the genetics of these naturally rabies-resistant Peruvians could reveal the biochemical and physiological reasons for the resistance.
Having antibodies to the rabies virus doesn?t mean you're off the hook for the disease.
"Despite finding antibodies, we don't believe these people are protected," Gilbert said.
"The antibodies are an immune response so you could say they have some immunity; even though they have some immunity, it may not be fully protective," Gilbert said. Researchers don?t agree on the degree to which antibodies protect against disease.
"Anyone who has contact needs to seek medical advice and seek treatment," she said.
The research is detailed online today (Aug. 1) in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience. We're also on Facebook?& Google+.
Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Source: http://news.yahoo.com/vampire-bat-bites-help-shield-peruvians-rabies-114430410.html
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Illinois State Police say the bus blew a tire before veering off the road. NBC's Brian Williams reports.
By M. Alex Johnson and Ziad Jaber, NBC News
Updated at 11:29 p.m. ET: A passenger bus traveling from Chicago to St. Louis plowed into a bridge support Thursday on a southern Illinois interstate, killing one person and injuring 33 others, several of them critically, police said.
Thirty ambulances and five emergency helicopters responded to the scene on Interstate 55 a few miles north of Litchfield, in Montgomery County south of the capital, Springfield, said Illinois State Trooper Doug Francis.
Illinois State Police told NBC station KSDK-TV of St. Louis that a woman seated above the driver on the second floor of the bus was killed. KSDK identified her as 25-year-old Aditi Avhad of India. She was on her way to Columbia, Missouri, the station reported. State police weren't able to provide precise information of the seriousness of people's injuries, saying in a statement only that "several" were critically injured.
The driver of the bus was taken to a hospital for surgery, but his injuries were not believed to be life-threatening, a statement from the Illinois State Police said.
The bus, a double-decker express operated by the budget intercity service Megabus, was running from Chicago to St. Louis, the company told NBC News. It said 81 tickets had been sold for the trip, but police said the bus' manifest showed only 64 passengers. The discrepancy couldn't immediately be explained.
Watch US News videos on NBCNews.com
Police said they believed a tire blew out before the bus rammed into the concrete pillar.?Video from KSDK?showed that it sustained extensive damage.
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BEIRUT (Reuters) - Regional powers are pouring in money and guns, jihadists are joining rebels battling to overthrow Bashar al-Assad, while his own well-armed but hard-pressed forces are fighting back ruthlessly with combat aircraft and artillery.
Gruesome scenes of slaughtered civilians or executed rebel fighters provide daily snapshots of the worsening conflict in Syria. Video apparently showing rebels gunning down Assad militiamen in cold blood suggests the insurgents are capable of brutality to match their enemies.
After almost 17 months of revolt against the Assad dictatorship, Syria's conflict is turning into a regional proxy war between Sunni and Shi'ite Islam that could splinter the country along sectarian lines unless a unified rebel leadership emerges as a credible opposition to the beleaguered government.
Few observers of Syria see any sign of an opposition ready to run the country if or when Assad and his clan, whose power base lies in the esoteric Shi'ite sect of Syria's Alawite minority, lose overall control.
Some fear a Lebanon-style free-for-all, in which armed groups from different sectarian and ideological backgrounds fight for supremacy over territory, turning Syria into a patchwork that condemns its state to failure.
With the Shi'ite Islamic Republic of Iran behind Assad, and Saudi Arabia and other Sunni Muslim states backing the rebels, Syria could become the arena in which the regional Sunni-Shi'ite cold war becomes an open-ended civil war with the potential to destabilize its neighbors - Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq and Jordan.
"We most definitely have a proxy war in Syria," says Ayham Kamel of the Eurasia Group political risk consultancy. "At this point of the conflict it is difficult not to say that the international dimension of the Syrian conflict precedes the domestic one."
"Syria is an open field now. The day after Assad falls you (will) have all of these different groups with different agendas, with different allegiances, with different states supporting them yet unable to form a coherent leadership."
What started on March 15, 2011 as an internal uprising against the Assads' repressive 40-year rule, emulating the revolts that toppled leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen, has now been transformed into an arena for foreign meddling.
SYRIA FRAGMENTING
Kamel believes Syria is already fragmenting, and that the Free Syrian Army, the umbrella for a plethora of armed groups fighting to overthrow Assad, is little more than a franchise of Sunni Muslim groups.
"The Free Syrian army is only a slogan. There is no unity in these rebel groups," he argues. "To have an FSA you would need a command structure, and everybody following that command structure." Instead, he says, "There are different groups supplied financially and militarily by different states and they are quasi-independent."
"Different regions are controlled by different groups, whether of ideological or sectarian background, and whether Bashar's regime remains a player, we already have a lot more players than before," Kamel says.
"I don't discount the possibility that you (will) have different rebel groups struggling with each other for control of territory."
Close watchers of Syria say the real danger is of a prolonged and very bloody civil war and a sectarian struggle, exacerbated by the lack of a unified and credible opposition.
"I don't think there is anybody to take over," said George Joffe, a Middle East expert at Cambridge University. "The really big problem is that there is no credible opposition."
"How do you bring them together, how do you get them to collaborate at this late stage because they are diametrically opposed on what should be done?" he said.
Sarkis Naoum, a long-time critic of the Assad dictatorship who writes for Beirut's an-Nahar newspaper, says: "The opposition is fractured, with some outside and some inside (the country), some are Islamists, some are secular, but it is not easy to have an organized opposition with a government-in-waiting after 40 years of totalitarian rule."
"Any perception that a post-Assad Syria will involve a smooth transition is misplaced," insists Ayman Kamel.
RIDDLED WITH RIVALRIES
The political opposition in exile, represented by the Syrian National Council, which groups the Muslim Brotherhood, pro-democracy activists and leftist groups, is riddled with ideological and religious rivalries impeding its attempt to forge a political alternative to Assad.
While the SNC has been an international voice for the opposition, rebel commanders on the ground say the exiled leadership has little connection to what is happening in Syria.
The disarray among the opposition is on display in the contradictory statements on how to deal with the conflict, with some groups calling for more arms while others demanding a negotiated settlement.
As soon as some prominent SNC members announced the formation of a new political coalition that plans to establish a post-Assad transitional government, it was attacked by both the head of the SNC, Abdelbasset Seida, and the commander of the Free Syrian Army, General Riad al-Asaad.
Seida said: "If each group came out alone announcing the formation of a new government without talks, this would end up in having a series of weak governments that don't represent anyone." Asaad called the new coalition "opportunists" seeking to benefit from the rebels' gains.
On the ground, the picture is getting darker. State authority is slowly and incrementally disintegrating. Many areas of Syria are outside government control, regionalism is taking over from national unity, and rebel groups are multiplying with very different agendas and leaderships.
The government military onslaught has been stepped up since insurgents took their battle to Damascus and Aleppo last month and carried out a bomb attack against Assad's inner circle that killed his brother-in-law and three other top military leaders.
The conflict has left 18,000 dead and displaced hundreds of thousands, according to United Nations and activist figures.
It is complicated by Syria's religious divisions. The Assads and the military elite units belong to the Alawite sect, a minority in a Sunni Muslim country. The Alawites form about 12 percent of Syria's 23 million people but are reckoned to make up 40 percent of the army and the bulk of the pro-Assad Shabbiha militia. Sunnis, who account for the majority of the opposition, form 75 percent of the population.
SUPERIOR FIREPOWER
Although the authorities have the upper hand because of superior firepower and units of loyal elite troops, the insurgents are highly motivated combatants who are becoming better armed, better trained and better organized.
As the conflict rages on without any solution, Syrians say homegrown Islamist jihadists and groups of fighters from al Qaeda have been taking an active role.
Most analysts agree that there is no "good or happy scenario" and that the chances of a negotiated settlement under the auspices of U.N. envoy Kofi Annan are nil.
Assad's forces' success in retaking insurgent-held territory in Damascus by using airpower, and their ferocious campaign in Aleppo, show the government still has the capacity to fight back and hold its ground, but most analysts believe it will find it difficult to sustain the momentum in the long-term.
Some think the authorities have prepared a fall-back position as an insurance policy should Assad's rule collapse: a retreat to an Alawite enclave on the north-west coast after expanding it by sectarian cleansing of some cities including Aleppo and Homs.
"I believe (the regime) has already begun to plan such an eventuality but that will set up a much wider conflict inside Syria itself," said Joffe.
"Aleppo is part of their focus to cleanse this coastal area, absolutely to clear it up to the Turkish border. I am sure that's the plan but whether they can do it or not it is something I don't know."
Such an enclave, coupled with the flow of refugees across the border and rising sectarian tensions in the region, could have effects beyond Syria to Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq, which have their own sectarian and ethnic mixes of Alawites, Sunnis, Shi'ites and Kurds and where tensions are already high.
With no Western appetite for military intervention and no prospect of an internationally mediated political resolution, many see the civil war spreading and tearing the country apart.
"Disintegration of Syria is a possibility and the problem is it won't work. It would create a power vacuum in which others get dragged in just like Iraq. It is a very frightening scenario," Joffe said.
Lebanese columnist Rajeh Khoury predicted: "Syria could plunge into a long protracted civil war that could last years. The civil war in Lebanon, with its much smaller population of five million, lasted 15 years due to foreign interference so Syria would be much more complicated.
"The Syrian crisis is so inflammatory that its flames will affect the region in one way or another."
(Additional reporting by Layla Bassam; Editing by Giles Elgood)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/analysis-no-happy-outcome-syria-conflict-turns-proxy-135732064.html
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(NOTE: The Nasreen & Alam Sher Foundation is a coordinated effort by doctors, medical professionals, educators and human rights activists to provide much needed health and social services to the people of Pakistan. The foundation has no political agenda and exists only to provide humanitarian aid to people across all borders. The links below will provide you with more history and information on the Foundation)
For education, health, humanities & peace in South Asia
Dear All,
Subject:? The NASF activities report for 2011-2012 and an appeal for contributions
With your kind contributions and, encouragements, the Aisha Bibi Memorial Hospital (ABMH) has completed its first year in operation.? It has been a very active year at ABMH.? Eleven babies were born and a free medical camp was held, where over 2100 patients were triaged and treated and given 1-2 months medications.? Naveed and Kashif, ages 7 and 13, were diagnosed with Osteogenesis Imperfecta and referred to Agha Khan University hospital where they are currently receiving treatment.? The younger brother has not had a new fracture since and is now attending school part time.? The older brother had a minor fracture and is doing fine now.
A free eye camp was also held at ABMH where 35 patients received catarectomies. Happy birthday ABMH!
NASF is presently working on 2 new major projects, to furnish a Science Laboratory for Girls High School and to build a 6 room Primary Boys School. You may consider sponsoring a room for the primary school that would have a sponsor?s name plaque.? By participating in these 2 projects you will not be feeding someone a fish for a day but teaching them how to fish.? The ultimate reward is going to be from God and the children, who would receive their education at these 2 schools.
We need your support, encouragement and contributions in this holy month of Ramadan.? All contributions are tax-deductible as NASF is 501(c)3 foundation. May the blessings of Ramadan be
bountiful to us all!
PS: To make a one-time contribution or subscribe to NASF please use either PAYPAL on www.sherfoundation.org or https://www.facebook.com/NASherFoundation. You may also contribute with a check payable to NASF and mail it to:
Robert Gray
288 Hallowell Rd
Chelsea, ME 04330
For more information on NASF please click on links below
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasreen_%26_Alam_Sher_Foundation
http://prezi.com/oe7zyllrlhfc/the-nasreen-alam-sher-foundation/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nx-p8dFzeh
Nasreen & Alam Sher
72 Hallowell Rd.
Chelsea, ME 04330
Telephone: (207)-621-6856
www.sherfoundation.org
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Every week there are new press releases, articles, information, and videos popping up concerning Paganism, spirituality, health, or disabilities. Community Linkage is a collection of useful information and sometimes entertainment for you. You can stay informed by adding me to one of your social circles on Google+ or follow me on Twitter.
Health News
The National Benefit Authority in Canada recently reshared an essay link on Twitter concerning body dismorphic disorder and eating disorders. Uncovering the Shame of Eating-Related Disorders These disabilities are often considered hidden since they are related to mental health issues.
I?m familiar with eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating. I was a binge eater for most of my life. I wasn?t familiar though with body dismorphic disorders so I looked it up. Apparently it?s a disorder that ranges on a scale of obsessing over a minor flaw to the point it interferes with their life to actually thinking they are monstrously hideous. body dismorphic disorder: recognizing and treating imagined ugliness
Benefits News
?Benefit cheatsBenefit cheats ?colour attitudes to disabled people?? BBC News
Interestingly this caries over into the 2012 Paralmpics . . .
Sports
Disabled anti-cuts campaigners take the fight to the Paralympic Games
?Activists to protest against sponsorship of the Games by Atos, the private firm that carries out government fitness-for-work tests Disabled campaigners are planning a week of action during the Paralympic Games at the end of August to protest at the way people claiming sickness and disability benefit are treated.?
The opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic games included a tribute to the United Kingdom?s national healthcare. The performance included many children laying in beds that were lit up. Nurses tucked them in and then the story focused on one girl reading under the covers by flashlight. As author J. K. Rowling read about how Neverland island seemed more real and dangerous the few minutes before bed grim goblin looking creatures crept along the set. A Voldermort giant puppet rose up and took the nurses under his control. Just them dozens of Mary Poppin?s style nannies flew in on umbrellas and scared away all of the evil creatures. It was entertaining and has also been viewed as the first time something political has been involved in the Olympics? ceremony. Though is it political or just part of the greater message of the Olympics that everyone around the world is important? I found it to be part of the greater message and not a stab at America as other media has claimed it to be. My reasoning is because the ceremony included the Chaos signing choir, dancers in wheelchairs, and people of all ethnicities. Though Boyle, the coordinator and director of Trainspotting and Slum Dog Millionaire, put a unique moral spin on this years ceremony.
If you want to see the ceremony you can find it on the web but not much of it is on Youtube. You have to know where to look. Ahem, cough *pirate bay* cough *special links* cough. Though they don?t have Closed Captioning versions unless you can find a simple English subtitles. And all the annoying announcers are cut out.
Source: http://www.patheos.com/blogs/paganswithdisabilities/2012/07/community-linkage-28/
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by Tracy Taylor
126. When you assess your environment, what opportunities for self-improvement can you create or seize?
Here in the Northern Correctional Facility there are very little educational opportunities, but they do have Rosetta Stone language courses and G.E.D. level classes. They have a decent library for reading and that?s about it.
My day consists of exercising twice each day, working at my prison job, writing letters, and the Straight-A-Guide workbook.
I avoid situations that may bring trouble my way and basically am waiting for a transfer back to the Concord N.H. Facility where I can immerse myself in the educational dept. I am hopeful to be back there by October or November of this year.
127. What is your interpretation on the value of self-imposed structure of free time?
Boredom is the enemy of productivity. I am convinced that structure of my free-time keeps me busy and moving forward. I avoid more conflicts in my daily activities because I am usually alone working on something productive instead of hanging around the cell block waiting for something to ?pop off.?
I also believe that a structured routine gives us a measure of control in an environment that dictates our every move. My routine calls for little interference from the prison system. Instead I navigate through the prison as if it isn?t obstructing my attempts of self discovery.
128. What relationship do your daily activities have to the vision you have for your life upon release?
Right now I am just trying to maintain until my transfer comes in, before I can really build my daily activities around my vision for my life after release. In the meantime I will stay committed to the goals I have outlined. I think that the discipline I show in doing what I can while I wait is part of the vision I have for myself.
129. Imagine that you were to replicate your activities or use of time yesterday every day or your sentence. If you did, what level of preparation would have to triumph over the obstacles that await you upon your return to society?
Yesterday I woke up at 6:00 pm made a coffee. I worked on the Straight-A-Guide workbook till breakfast at 7:30 am. After breakfast I reported to the yard for my prison job. I picked up trash for half an hour then ran 5 miles. Came in, showered, had lunch, wrote for an hour then went back to the yard for an hour, then went to the weight room for my afternoon workout which I do 3 days a week. When it is not my day for the weight room I run handball instead. After dinner I finish my writing. I usually make a phone call most nights, watch about an hour of TV and bed by 9:00pm. I try to stick to this structured routine making progress towards my set goals.
130. What activities within the prison environment can you pursue that will enhance your strengths?
I can spend approximately 5 hours a day out in the prison yard. I workout, I run, I play sports, or I just walk the track listening to the radio. All these activities enhance my strengths of physical fitness.
On days when I want to write I can spend the whole day in my cell. No-one bothers me. Being a solitary person has its benefits when I?m working in the privacy of my cell.
131. What activities within the prison environment would you categorize as a weakness?
Activities within the prison that I would categorize as a weakness would consist of hanging out in the cellblock, not working, and playing table games all day or lounging in a cell watching TV all day.
132. What activities within the prison environment would you perceive as offering opportunities?
We do have a superior program here called Family Connection Center, or FCC. It is a program to enrich our lives with our children and spouses. It is Federally Funded so it is a top of the line program. I recommend this program to anyone who has young children.
The educational department is very limited. They only offer G.E.D. level classes and some minor computer classes. Very basic stuff really, but considering most guys in prison only have a little education it is something to begin with.
133. What activities within the prison environment do you perceive as threatening your prospects for success upon release?
There is nothing within these walls that can threaten my prospects for success upon release. I am so far removed from anything that could drag me down. Only the choices I make everyday can influence my future. If anything does pop off while I am in the area I already have an exit strategy in place to minimize my exposure to any problems.
134. To what extent do the activities you pursue inside the prison environment contribute to your strengths and opportunities?
135. What steps do you deliberately take to minimize your exposure to weaknesses and threats?
136. Using the SWOT-assessment technique, how would you assess your decision-making process prior to imprisonment?
137. In what ways can the SWAT-assessment technique guide your decisions as you prepare for success upon release?
138. What types of activities in prison fall into quadrant one: low-risk/high-reward?
139. What types of activities in prison fall into quadrant two: high-risk/high-risk?
140. What types of activities in prison fall into quadrant three: low-risk/low-reward?
141. What types of activities in prison fall into quadrant four: high-risk/low-reward?
142. To what extent do your consider risk-reward analysis when assessing activities, interactions, or time allocation in prison?
143 What type of self-improvement programs would enhance an individual?s prospects for success upon release?
144. What thoughts have you given to the type of employment you want to pursue upon release?
145. Define the qualifications necessary for the type of job you want to pursue?
146. How do your self-improvement programs prepare you for the type of job you want to pursue?
147. What types of self-improvement programs can you pursue independently that will enhance your prospects as a candidate for employment upon release?
148. In what ways do academic credentials influence an individual?s candidacy for employment?
149. How do prospective employers gauge the value of academic credentials?
150. What types of self-improvement steps trump academic credentials?
Source: http://straight-a-guide.com/tracy-taylor-class-5-self-improvement-training/
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